Mitochondrial DNA and Me
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
is given to us by our mothers. Mothers pass mtDNA to all of
their children - both male and female, so we all have mitochondrial DNA. But,
only females can pass it down. That means our mtDNA came
from our mother, who got it from her mother, who in turn got it from her
mother, and so on, back to the beginning of time.
My mother gave me my
mtDNA, which she in turn got it from her mother, Mabel Leffel. Grandma
Mabel got her mtDNA from her mother, Caldona Jane Box Leffel, who got her mtDNA
from her mother, Roenna Johnson Box. Roenna received her mtDNA from
her mother, Anna Hellums Johnson, who got her mtDNA from her mother, Mary (unknown) Hellums. Mary
is our "brick wall" on our maternal line.
I was hoping that by
doing a mtDNA test, I could find a link to our maternal 5th great-grandmother's
family and maiden name. Not so easy. Why, you say? Well
it appears that the mtDNA changes
(mutates) very slowly and can be passed down almost unchanged for thousands of
years. My mtDNA may be
identical to that of my very distant (meaning hundreds of years) direct
maternal ancestors and all of their female descendants.
MtDNA profiles with similar characteristics can
be grouped together in large branches of the mtDNA tree called haplogroups. These
families of mtDNA are named following a common pattern of alternating a letters
and numbers, as follows: Each large haplogroup is assigned a letter of the
alphabet (A, B, C, D, etc.) and the addition of more letters and numbers to the
first capital letter provides names for sub-branches of the main branch of the
tree.
My haplogroup is U3. According
to Wikipedia.com, Haplogroup U3 is found at low levels throughout Europe (about
1% of the population), the Near East (about 2.5% of the population), and
Central Asia (1%). U3 is present at higher levels among populations in the
Caucasus (about 6%) in Svan population from Svaneti region(Georgia, Caucasus)
4,2% and among Lithuanian Romani, Polish Romani, and Spanish Romani populations
(36-56%).
So, who are the Romani (or
Roma) populations? Again, Wikipedia.com helps us out: "The Romani
are an ethnic group living mostly in Europe and Americas. Romani are widely
known in the English-speaking world by the exonym "Gypsies" and also as Romany, Romanies, Romanis, Roma or Rom... Since
the 19th century, some Romani have also migrated to the Americas. There are an
estimated one million Roma in the United States."
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| Gypsy Woman - English Lithograph 1826 |
Does that mean our 5th
great-grandmother, Mary was Romani (Gypsy)? Or, perhaps her mother or her grandmother? And, that all of us who are
descendants of Mabel Leffel, Caldona Box, Roenna Johnson, and/or Anna Hellums
are a little-bit Gypsy? I don't know -- maybe or maybe not. Though, it is kind of
interesting to think about.
My haplogroup is U3a1c. Me > mom > Mabel Leffel > Caldona Jane Box > Roenna Johnson > Anna Hellums > Mary ??
What is known about our 5th great-grandmother,
Mary? Very little.
Mary (maiden name unknown) was
born about 1763 in South Carolina. Researchers think that Mary first
married James Box and had at least one son, Michael Box
(1780-1841). James Box most likely died about 1780/1781, because
Mary then married William Hellums. Mary and William Hellums had
three children: John Hellums (1782-1852), Mary Hellums, who married
Grief Johnson (1791-1863), and Anna Hellums, who married Luke
Johnson (1803-1852). William Hellums died sometime before 1815, when
his will (written in 1808) was proven in Orphan's Court. His will
left the widow, Mary, all real and personal property until she died or
remarried, after which the estate was divided into three parts (one for each of
his three children). Mary died about 1833 in Alabama.
Several cousins who descend from the Roenna Johnson Box (daughter of Mary)
have tested their mtDNA, confirming the same result of Haplogroup
U3a1c.
Perhaps the answers to
"who Mary is" will come with Autosomal DNA. I encourage all cousins
(descendants - male & female) to test! We now need to figure
out which chromosomes and segments belong to the Box, Johnson, and/or Hellums
families. Right now I suggest testing with FamilyTreeDNA.com for
autosomal DNA. I like their tools for comparing and analyzing your DNA.
Or, you could test with 23andme.com. Help us solve this mystery!
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| Vincent van Gogh 1888 |
